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Knowledge by presence : ウィキペディア英語版 | Knowledge by presence Knowledge by presence (Persian:علم حضوری) or consciousness in a degree and kind of primordial knowledge in Islamic philosophy. This knowledge is also called illuminative doctrine of knowledge by presence or al-ilm al-huduri al-ishraqi. This theory is attributed to Shahab Al ddin Suhrevardi.According to this theory self knows himself directly through a kind of cognition.〔https://books.google.com/books?id=GvAsBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA90&dq=knowledge+by+presence&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAzgKahUKEwiL17ey6d3HAhXG0xoKHWG5BKI#v=onepage&q&f=false〕 ==Concept== Human in his ordinary experience shows himself as the primary subject of knowledge. Human communicated with non-human with different affaires such as mind, language and reason. In any kind of knowledge and before any knowledge always there is a kind of knowledge called knowledge of oneself or consciousness.This consciousness is foremost and prior to any knowledge.〔http://www.mullasadra.org/new_site/english/Paper%20Bank/Ontology/Knowledge%20as%20light%20@.htm〕 According to Mehdi Haeri Yazdi.The knowledge by presence is to a sort of knowledge which has all relations within its paradigm.In this kind of knowledge there is a self object-relation without the interference of a connection with an external object.〔https://books.google.com/books?id=GvAsBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA90&dq=knowledge+by+presence&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAzgKahUKEwiL17ey6d3HAhXG0xoKHWG5BKI#v=onepage&q&f=false〕In this kind of knowledge, the sense of knowledge is equal with the self.In the sphere of the self, both to exist and to know are identical.〔https://books.google.com/books?id=l_qful9qJ8AC&pg=PA67&dq=knowledge+by+presence&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCEQ6AEwATgKahUKEwiL17ey6d3HAhXG0xoKHWG5BKI#v=onepage&q&f=false〕 The fact of knowledge by presence is not identical with conceptualism and representation.Although this kind of knowledge is expressed by proposition but is not as the same with knowledge by concept.Knowledge by presence has characters such as being personal, non-transferable, admitting different levels and development.〔https://books.google.com/books?id=88PejWpnt1wC&pg=PA8&dq=knowledge+by+presence&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CD8Q6AEwB2oVChMIt_fNjendxwIVin4aCh2SxgAo#v=onepage&q&f=false〕in knowledge by presence, the object is ''present'' to subject.〔https://books.google.com/books?id=foM-BLI6TKgC&pg=PA121&dq=knowledge+by+presence&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CC8Q6AEwBGoVChMIt_fNjendxwIVin4aCh2SxgAo#v=onepage&q&f=false〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 ■ウィキペディアで「Knowledge by presence」の詳細全文を読む
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